Covering Contraception - A Benefit Guide For Employers

Contraception Basics
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Resources

Abma, Joyce C., Anjani Chandra, William D. Mosher, Linda S. Peterson, and Linda J. Piccinino. 1997. “Fertility, Family Planning, and Women’s Health: New Data From the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth.” Vital and Health Statistics Series 23, No. 19. National Center for Health Statistics. Maryland: Department of Health and Human Services.

Adams, E. Kathleen, Brenda Nishimura, Robert K. Merritt and Cathy Melvin. 2003. “Costs of Poor Birth Outcomes Among Privately Insured.” Journal of Health Care Finance 29(3):11-27.

Association of Reproductive Health Professionals. Comparing Key Factors of Birth Control. Updated October 20, 2004. Accessed January 31, 2005.

Bonoan, Rowena and Julianna S. Gonen. 2000. “Promoting Healthy Pregnancies: Counseling and Contraception as the First Step.” Family Health In Brief 3. Washington, DC: Washington Business Group on Health.

Brown, Sarah S. and Leon Eisenberg, Editors. 1995. The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families. Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Burnhill, Michael. 1998. “Contraceptive Use: The U.S. perspective.” International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 62[Suppl 1]:S17–S23.

Colli, Enrico, Donald Tong, Richard Penhallegon and Fabio Parazzini. 1999. “Reasons for Contraceptive Discontinuation in Women 20–39 Years Old in New Zealand.” Contraception 59(4):277-231.

Commission on Leave. 1996. A Workplace Balance: Report to Congress on Family and Medical Leave Policies (PDF). Accessed October 21, 2004.

Darroch, Jacqueline E. 1998. Cost to Employer Health Plans of Covering Contraceptives: Summary Methodology and Background. Alan Guttmacher Institute. Accessed December 1, 2004. Adjusted for 2005 dollars using NASA Inflation Calculator.

Erickson v. Bartell Drug Co., 141 F. Supp. 2d 1266 (W.D. Wash 2001).

FDA Consumer Magazine 31(3):1997.

Finch, Ronald, Ian Dixon, Kathryn Phillips, Christopher Schembri, and Courtney Rees. 2005. Improving Health, Improving Business: The Employers Guide to Health Improvement and Preventive Services. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health.

Food and Drug Administration. 2004. “Birth Control Guide.” (PDF) Washington, DC: Food and Drug Administration. Accessed December 1,2004.

Forrest, Jacqueline Darroch. 1993. “Timing of Reproductive Life Stages.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 82(1):105-111.

Gilbert, William M., Thomas S. Nesbitt and Beate Danielsen. 2003. “The Cost of Prematurity: Quantification by Gestational Age and Birth Weight.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 102(3):488-492.

Gjerdingen, Dwenda K. and Bruce A. Center. 2004. “First-Time Parents’ Postpartum Changes in Employment, Childcare, and Housework Responsibilities.” Social Science Research 34(1):103-116.

Glass, Jennifer L. and Lisa Riley. 1998. “Family Responsive Policies and Employee Retention Following Childbirth.” Social Forces 76(4):1401-1435.

Goetzel, Ron Z., Stacey R. Long, Ronald J. Ozminkowski, Kevin Hawkins, Shaohung Wang and Wendy Lynch. 2004. “Health, Absence, Disability, and Presenteeism Cost Estimates of Certain Physical and Mental Health Conditions Affecting U.S. Employers.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 46(4):398-412.

Gold, Rachel Benson and Cory L. Richards. 1994. “Securing American Women’s Reproductive Health.” In The American Woman, 1994-1995, edited by Cynthia Costello and Anne J. Stone. New York: W.W. Norton.

Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data from the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research.

Henshaw, Stanley K. 1998. “Unintended Pregnancy in the United States.” Family Planning and Perspectives 30(1): 24-29 & 46.

Henshaw, Stanley K. and Lawrence B. Finer. 2003. “The Accessibility of Abortion Services In the United States, 2001.” Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35(10): 16-24.

Jiang, H. Joanna, Anne Elixhouser, Joyce Nicholas, Claudia Steiner, Carolina Reyes, and Arlene S. Bierman. “Care of Women in U.S. Hospitals, 2000.” HCUP Fact Book No. 3. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data from the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research and Educational Trust. 2004. Annual Employer Health Benefits Survey. Accessed November 15, 2004.

King, Leslie and Harrington Meyer, Madonna. 1997. “The Politics of Reproductive Benefits: U.S. Insurance Coverage of Contraceptive and Infertility Treatments.” Gender & Society 11(1):8-30.

Kurth, Ann, Marcia Weaver, David Lockhart and Lori Bielinski. 2004. “The Benefit of Health Insurance Coverage of Contraceptives in a Population-Based Sample.” American Journal of Public Health 94(8):1330-1332.

Lyness, Karen S., Cynthia A. Thompson, Anne Marie Francesco, Michael K. Judiesch. 1999. “Work and Pregnancy: Individual and Organizational Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment, Timing of Maternity Leave, and Return to Work.” Sex Roles: A Journal of Research 41(7-8):485-508.

March of Dimes. Prematurity: The Answers Can’t Come Soon Enough – The Cost of Premature Birth. Accessed October 18, 2004.

Martin, Joyce A., Brady E. Hamilton, Paul D. Sutton, Stephanie J. Ventura, Fay Menacker, and Martha L. Munson. 2003. “Births: Final Data for 2002.” National Vital Statistics Reports, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 52(10):1-114.

National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Association. Emergency Contraception. Accesses February 7, 2005.

National Women’s Law Center. 2004. Covering Prescription Contraceptives in Employee Health Plans: How This Coverage Saves Money. Washington, DC.

Planned Parenthood Federation of America. 2004. Facts About Birth Control. Accessed 12/29/04

Robertson, Emma, Sherry Grace, Tamara Wallington and Donna E. Stewart. 2004. “Antenatal Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: A Synthesis of Recent Literature.” General Hospital Psychiatry 26:289-295.

Rosenberg, Michael, Michael Waugh and Michael Burnell.1998. “Compliance, Counseling and Satisfaction with Oral Contraceptives: A Prospective Evaluation.” Family Planning Perspectives 30(2):89-93.

Sexuality Education and Information Council of the United States. 2002. “Contraceptive Update.” Siecus Report 31(2):24-27.

Smith, Kristin, Barbara Downs, and Martin O’Connell. 2001. “Maternity Leave and Employment Patterns: 1961-1995.” Household Economic Studies. US Census Bureau. Washington, DC.

Sonfield, Adam, Rachel Benson Gold, Jennifer J. Frost and Jacqueline E. Darroch. 2004. “U.S. Insurance Coverage of Contraceptives and the Impact of Contraceptive Coverage Mandates, 2002.” Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 36(2):72-79.

Sonnenberg, Frank A., Ronald T. Burkman, C. Greg Hagerty, Leon Speroff and Theodore Speroff. 2004. “Costs and Net Health Effects of Contraceptive Methods.” Contraception 69:447-459.

Stewart, Walter, Judith Ricci and David Morganstein. 2003. “Cost of Lost Productive Work Time Among US Workers with Depression.” Journal of the American Medical Association 289(23):3135-3144.

The Alan Guttmacher Institute. January 28,2005. Fulfilling the Promise: US Policy and Family Planning Clinics (PDF). Accessed 1/28/05

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2003. Birth Control: A Woman’s Choice. Washington, DC: ACOG.

The National Business Group on Health (formerly The Washington Business Group on Health). 2000. Promoting Health Pregnancies: Counseling and Contraception as the First Step.

The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, Public Law 95-555 and The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, Public Law 103-3.

Trussell, James, Joseph A. Leveque et al. 1995. “The Economic Value of Contraception: A Comparison of 15 Methods.” American Journal of Public Health 85(4):494-503.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. (Conference Edition, In Two Volumes) Washington, DC: January 2000, Objectives 9-13.

Valero de Bernabé, Javier, Trinidad Soriano, Romana Albaladejo, Margarita Juarranz, María Elisa Calle, David Martínez, and Vincente Domínguez-Rojas. 2004. “Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight: A Review.” European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 116:3-15.

Workforce Management. 2004 “Data Bank Annual Benefits.” December:91-135.

 
 


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